Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and the agricultural sector is the most vulnerable to its effects since it affects negatively the food security dimensions, which are directly associated with agriculture. Climate change influences food production and inflation; the impacts have been examined in twelve Mediterranean countries. The paper was equipped with simple and advanced statistics and econometric instruments like descriptive statistics, unit root tests, ARDL (2002-2022), and forecasting models.
The results show that climate change has a negative impact on the agriculture sector for many Mediterranean countries in both the current situation and future scenarios. Both temperature and CO2 emissions have a significant negative effect on food production and inflation in the selected countries. Moreover, combining climate change with a rapid increase in population growth rate will put more pressure on the agriculture sector, resulting in an increase in the percentage of POU among the people of those countries. The findings confirm the interlinkage between the sustainable development goals in SDG 3 and SDG 13.
